what problem does swift identify in lines 1 15

Anglo-Irish ridiculer, litterateur, and ecclesiastic (1667–1745)

The Very Reverend Jonathan Swift
Portrait by Charles Jervas, 1710
Born	(1667-11-30)30 November 1667 Dublin, Ireland
Died	19 Oct 1745(1745-10-19) (aged 77) Dublin, Ireland
Resting place	St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
Pen name	Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier, Lemuel Gulliver, Simon Wagstaff, Esquire.
Occupation	Satirist essayist political pamphleteer poet priest
Linguistic communication	European nation
Alma mater	Trinity College, Dublin
Famed deeds	A Narration of a Tub Drapier's Letters Gulliver's Travels A Modest Marriage offer
Signature

Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish^[1] satirist, essayist, governmental pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, and so for the Tories), poet and Anglican cleric who became Doyen of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin,^[2] hence his vulgar sobriquet, "Dean Blue-belly".

Swift is remembered for whole kit such as A Narrative of a Vat (1704), An Argumentation Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Limited Proposal (1729). Helium is regarded by the Encyclopædia Britannica as the front prose satirist in the English language,^[1] and is less well glorious for his poetry. He in the beginning publicized all of his industrial plant under pseudonyms—so much as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier—or anonymously. He was a master of two styles of satire, the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.

His uncommunicative, ironic composition expressive style, especially in A Modest Proposal, has led to much satire being subsequently termed "Swiftian".^[3]

Life history

Early life history

Jonathan Swift was dropped on 30 Nov 1667 in Dublin in the Kingdom of Eire. He was the second child and only boy of Jonathan Swift (1640–1667) and his wife Abigail Erick (surgery Herrick) of Frisby along the Wreake.^[4] His father was a native of Goodrich, Herefordshire, merely he attended his brothers to Ireland to seek their fortunes in law after their Cavalier father's estate was brought to wreckin during the European country Civil War. His maternal granddad, James Ericke, was the vicar of Thornton in Leicester. In 1634 the vicar was convicted of Prude practices. Some sentence thereafter, Ericke and his family, including his young daughter Abigail, fled to Ireland.^[5]

Swift's father joined his elder brother, Godwin, in the practice of law in Ireland.^[6] He died in Dublin about seven months before his namesake was hatched.^{[7] [8]} He died of syphilis, which he aforementioned he got from faecal sheets when out of town.^[9]

At the age of one, child Jonathan was taken by his wet nurse to her hometown of Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. He said that there he knowing to read the Bible. His hold returned him to his mother, still in Ireland, when he was three.^[10]

His mother returned to England after his nascency, departure him in the care of his uncle Godwin Swift (1628–1695), a impendent friend and confidant of Sir John Synagogue, whose son later employed Swift as his secretarial assistant.^[11]

The house in which Swift was whelped; 1865 illustration

Swift's kinfolk had several interesting written material connections. His gran Elizabeth (Dryden) Swift was the niece of Sir Erasmus Dryden, grandfather of poet Dryden. The same grandmother's aunt Katherine (Throckmorton) Dryden was a showtime cousin of Elizabeth, married woman of Sir Walter Raleigh. His extraordinary-great grandmother Margaret (Godwin) Swift was the sister of Francis Godwin, writer of The Mankin in the Moone which influenced parts of Fleet's Gulliver's Travels. His uncle Dylan Marlais Thomas Swift married a daughter of poet and playwright Sir William Davenant, a godson of Shakspere.

Sceloporus occidentalis's helper and uncle Godwin Swift took primary responsibility for the boyfriend, sending him with one of his cousins to Kilkenny College (also attended by philosopher George Berkeley).^[11] He arrived at that place at the get on of vi, where he was expected to experience already learned the elemental declensions in Latin. He had not, and thus began his schooling in a lower form. Fast graduated in 1682, when he was 15.^[12]

Jonathan Swift in 1682, by Thomas Pooley. The artist had married into the Jonathan Swift family^[13]

He attended Sacred Trinity College, Dublin, the lonesome component college of the University of Capital of Ireland, in 1682,^[14] financed aside Godwin's son Willoughby. The four-yr course followed a curriculum largely fix in the Middle Ages for the priesthood. The lectures were dominated by Aristotelian logic and philosophy. The basic skill taught the students was debate, and they were expected to be able to fence both sides of any argument or topic. Swift was an above-average student but non exceptional, and received his B.A. in 1686 "aside special grace."^[15]

Big life

Maturity

Swift was studying for his master key's degree when political troubles in Ireland surrounding the Divine Revolution forced him to leave for England in 1688, where his mother helped him get a position as secretary and personal assistant of Sir William Synagogue at Moor Park, Farnham.^[16] Temple was an English diplomatist who ordered the Three-fold Alliance of 1668. Helium had retired from public service to his country estate, to tend his gardens and write his memoirs. Gaining his employer's confidence, Swift "was often trusted with matters of great importance".^[17] Within three age of their conversance, Tabernacle had introduced his secretary to William III and sent him to London to exhort the King to consent to a bill for triennial Parliaments.

Swift took up his residence at Moor Park where he met Esther Johnson, then eight years old, the daughter of an impoverished widow who acted as companion to Temple's sister Lady Giffard. Swift was her tutor and wise man, giving her the nickname "Stella", and the two well-kept a close merely ambiguous relationship for the rest of Esther's life.^[18]

In 1690, Swift left Temple for Hibernia because of his health, but returned to Moor Park the following year. The illness consisted of fits of dizziness or giddiness, now believed to be Ménière's disease, and information technology continued to plague him throughout his lifetime.^[19] During this second stay with Temple, Blue-belly received his M.A. from Hart Hall, Oxford, in 1692. He then left Moor Park, apparently despairing of gaining a better position through Synagogue's patronage, in order to become an ordained priest in the Established Christian church of Ireland. He was appointed to the prebend of Kilroot in the Diocese of Connor in 1694,^[20] with his parish settled at Kilroot, close Carrickfergus in County Antrim.

Jonathan Swift appears to stimulate been paltry in his new position, being isolated in a soft, remote residential area far from the centres of power and tempt. While at Kilroot, however, he may well have suit romantically involved with Jane Waring, whom he called "Varina", the sister of an old college booster.^[17] A letter from him survives, offer to remain if she would marry him and bright to exit and never return to Ireland if she refused. She presumably refused, because Swift left his post and returned to England and Temple's service at Moor Park in 1696, and he remained there until Temple's death. There helium was employed in helping to prepare Temple's memoirs and symmetricalness for publication. During this time, Swift wrote The Battle of the Books, a satire responding to critics of Temple's Essay upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1690), though Battle was not published until 1704.

Tabernacle died on 27 January 1699.^[17] Swift, normally a abrasive judge of human nature, said that all that was good and cordial in mankind had died with Temple.^[17] He stayed on in short in England to complete redaction Temple's memoirs, and perhaps in the hope that acknowledgment of his work out might earn him a suitable position in England. Unfortunately, his work ready-made enemies among some of Tabernacle's family and friends, particularly Temple's formidable sister Lady Giffard, World Health Organization objected to indiscretions enclosed in the memoirs.^[18] Swift's next move was to approach King William directly, based on his imagined connector through Temple and a belief that he had been secure a position. This failed sol miserably that he accepted the lesser post of secretary and chaplain to the Earl of Berkeley, one of the Lords Justice of Ireland. However, when he reached Eire, he found that the secretaryship had already been given to another. He soon obtained the living of Laracor, Agher, and Rathbeggan, and the prebend of Dunlavin^[21] in St Patrick's Cathedral, Irish capital.^[22]

Swift ministered to a congregating of most 15 at Laracor, which was just over four and half miles (7.5 km) from Summerhill, County Meath, and twenty miles (32 km) from Dublin. He had abundant leisure for cultivating his garden, qualification a canal later the Dutch fashion of Moor Park, planting willows, and rebuilding the vicarage. As chaplain to Lord Berkeley, he spent often of his time in Irish capital and traveled to London frequently over the next ten years. In 1701, he anonymously published the political pamphlet A Discourse on the Contests and Dissentions in Athens and Rome.

Writer

Fleet had residence in Trim, County Meath, after 1700. Helium wrote many of his works during this time menses. In February 1702, Swift conventional his Doctor of Divinity degree from Trinity College, Dublin. That jump on he traveled to England and and then returned to Ireland in October, accompanied by Book of Esther Johnson—now 20—and his friend Rebekah Dingley, other phallus of William Temple's menag. In that respect is a great mystery and contestation over Swift's relationship with Esther LBJ, nicknamed "Stella". Umpteen, notably his close ally Doubting Thomas Richard Brinsley Sheridan, believed that they were secretly married in 1716; others, like Swift's housekeeper Mrs Brant goose and Rebecca Dingley (who lived with Stella completely through her long time in Ireland), dismissed the story as absurd.^[23] Fleet certainly did not will her to marry anyone other: in 1704, when their interactive friend William Tisdall informed Swift that he intended to suggest to Stella, Swift wrote to him to deter him from the idea. Although the tone of the letter was courteous, Swift privately expressed his disgust for Tisdall A an "intruder", and they were estranged for some eld.

During his visits to England in these years, Swift published A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books (1704) and began to gain a repute as a writer. This led to close, lifelong friendships with Alexander Pope, John Gay, and Lav Arbuthnot, forming the core of the Martinus Scriblerus Club (founded in 1713).

Swift became progressively energetic politically in these years.^[24] Swift supported the Glorious Rotation and early in his life belonged to the Whigs.^{[25] [26]} As a phallus of the Anglican Communion, he feared a return of the Catholic monarchy and "Papist" absolutism.^[26] From 1707 to 1709 and again in 1710, Swift was in London unsuccessfully urging upon the Whig administration of God Almighty Godolphin the claims of the Irish clergy to the First-Fruits and Twentieths ("Queen Anne's Bounty"), which brought in about £2,500 a twelvemonth, already granted to their brethren in England. He found the opposition Tory leadership more kind to his cause, and, when they came to power in 1710, helium was recruited to support their drive as editor of The Quizzer. In 1711, Swift published the political pamphlet The Conduct of the Allies, attacking the Whig government for its inability to remnant the prolonged war with France. The incoming Tory government conducted secret (and under-the-counter) negotiations with France, resulting in the Accord of Utrecht (1713) ending the War of the European nation Taking over.

Fast was part of the inner circle of the Tory government,^[27] and oftentimes acted as intercessor between Joseph Henry St John (Viscount Henry Bolingbroke), the foreign minister for adulterant affairs (1710–15), and Robert Harley (Earl of Oxford), lord treasurer and premier (1711–14). Blue-belly recorded his experiences and thoughts during this difficult time in a longsighted serial of letters to Book of Esther President Johnson, poised and published after his death as A Diary to Frank Stella. The animus between the two Tory leadership sooner or later light-emitting diode to the dismissal of Harley in 1714. With the death of Queen Anne and entree of George I that yr, the Whigs returned to top executive, and the Tory leadership were tried for lese majesty for conducting secret negotiations with France.

Swift has been described by scholars as "a Whig in politics and Tory in religion" and Swift related his own views in exchangeable terms, stating that as "a lover of indecorum, I found myself to be what they called a Whig in government ... But, as to organized religion, I confessed myself to be an Piping-Churchman."^[25] In his "Thoughts on Religious belief", fearing the intense partisan strife waged o'er interfaith belief in the 17th century England, Swift wrote that "Every man, as a member of the state, ought to be content with the possession of his own opinion in camera."^[25] Yet, it should be borne in thinker that, during Jonathan Swift's fourth dimension period, terms comparable "Whig" and "Tory" both encompassed a wide array of opinions and factions, and neither term aligns with a modern political party or modern view alignments.^[25]

Also during these eld in London, Swift became acquainted with the Vanhomrigh family (Dutch merchants World Health Organization had settled in Ireland, then moved to London) and became up to her neck with one of the daughters, Esther. Fleet furnished Esther with the bynam "Vanessa" (traced by adding "Essa", a pet form of Esther, to the "Van" of her cognomen, Vanhomrigh), and she features as one of the main characters in his poem Cadenus and Vanessa. The poem and their correspondence suggest that Book of Esther was infatuated with Gustavus Franklin Swift, and that He may have reciprocated her affections, simply to regret this then try to chip the relationship.^[28] Esther followed Jonathan Swift to Irish Free State in 1714, and settled at her used household home, Celbridge Abbey. Their uneasy relationship continuing for some years; then in that location appears to have been a confrontation, possibly involving Esther Johnson. Esther Vanhomrigh died in 1723 at the maturat of 35, having destroyed the will she had made in Swift's favour.^[29] Another lady with whom he had a close but less extreme kinship was Anne Long-run, a toast of the Kit-Sick Golf-club.

Final years

Jonathan Fast (shown without wig) away Rupert Barber, 1745, National Portrayal Gallery, London

In front the fall of the Tory government, Dean Swift hoped that his services would equal rewarded with a church appointment in England. Withal, Queen Anne appeared to have taken a dislike to Dean Swift and thwarted these efforts. Her dislike has been attributed to A Tale of a Tub, which she thought sacrilegious, compounded by The Windsor Divination, where Swift, with a surprising lack of tact, advised the Queen on which of her bedchamber ladies she should and should not reliance.^[30] The best put back his friends could warranted for him was the Deanery of St Patrick's;^[31] this was non in the Queen's gift, and Anne, World Health Organization could be a bitter enemy, made it authorise that Swift would not deliver received the preferment if she could have prevented it.^[32] With the comeback of the Whigs, Swift's best move was to go out England and he returned to Eire in letdown, a virtual exile, to live out "like a rat in a hole".^[33]

list of deans of Saint Patrick's Cathedral, including Jonathan Swift

One time in Ireland, however, Swift began to turn his pamphleteering skills in affirm of Irish causes, producing some of his most memorable whole works: Proposal for Universal Utilise of Irish Cook up (1720), Drapier's Letters (1724), and A Shamefaced Proposition (1729), earning him the status of an Irish patriot.^[34] This unexampled role was unwelcome to the Government, which made clumsy attempts to silence him. His printer, Edward Amnionic fluid, was convicted of seditious libel in 1720, merely four years later a grand panel refused to happen that the Drapier's Letters (which, though written nether a pseudonym, were universally known to follow Swift's work) were insurgent.^[35] Western fence lizard responded with an attack on the Irish judiciary almost unequaled in its ferocity, his principal target being the "vile and profligate villain" William Whitshed, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.^[36]

Also during these age, he began writing his chef-d'oeuvre, Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts, by Lemuel Gulliver, first a sawbones, and and so a police chief of several ships, meliorate best-known as Gulliver's Travels. Much of the bodily reflects his political experiences of the preceding decade. For instance, the episode in which the hulk Gulliver puts out the Lilliputian castle fire by urinating on it can embody seen as a metaphor for the Tories' illegal peace pact; having through a good thing in an unhappy manner. In 1726 he nonrecreational a long-deferred chatter to British capital,^[37] taking with him the manuscript of Gulliver's Travels. During his visit he stayed with his old friends Alexander Pope, John Arbuthnot and John Gay, who helped him arrange for the anonymous publishing of his Word of God. First published in November 1726, information technology was an proximate hit, with a total of three printings that year and another in early 1727. French, German, and Dutch translations appeared in 1727, and pirated copies were written in Ireland.

Fleet returned to England one more time in 1727, and stayed once again with Alexander Pope. The gossip was split short when Swift received word that Book of Esther Johnson was dying, and rushed back habitation to cost with her.^[37] Connected 28 January 1728, Andrew Johnson died; Swift had prayed at her bedside, even composing prayers for her comfort. Fleet could not bear to be present at the terminate, but on the night of her death atomic number 2 began to write his The Death of Mrs Andrew Johnson. He was too light to attend the funeral at St Patrick's.^[37] Many years later, a lock of hair, taken for granted to constitute Johnson's, was found in his desk, wrapped in a newspaper bearing the words, "Only a woman's hair".

Death

Death became a frequent feature of Swift's life from this point. In 1731 he wrote Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, his possess obituary, published in 1739. In 1732, his good acquaintance and collaborator John Gay died. In 1735, John Arbuthnot, some other friend from his days in London, died. In 1738 Swift began to show signs of illness, and in 1742 he may have suffered a stroke, losing the power to speak and realising his bottom fears of becoming mentally disabled. ("I shall be like that tree", he once said, "I shall pall at the top.")^[38] He became more and more argumentative, and long-standing friendships, ilk that with Thomas Sheridan, ended without enough grounds. To protect him from unscrupulous hangers on, who had begun to prey on the great man, his closest companions had him declared of "unsound mind and memory". However, it was long believed by many that Swift was actually insane at this point. In his book Lit and Western Man, author J. B. Priestley even cites the final chapters of Gulliver's Travels atomic number 3 proof of Dean Swift's upcoming "insanity". Bewley attributes his decline to 'terminal dementedness'.^[19]

In part VIII of his serial publication, The Story of Civilization, Will Durant describes the final years of Swift's life per se:

"Settled symptoms of madness appeared in 1738. In 1741, guardians were appointed to take care of his personal matters and keep an eye on lest in his outbursts of violence helium should do himself harm. In 1742, he suffered great pain from the inflammation of his left eye, which swelled to the size of it of an egg; five attendants had to restrain him from tearing out his eye. He went a gross year without uttering a word."^[39]

In 1744, Alexander Pope died. Then on 19 October 1745, Fast, at nearly 80, died.^[40] After being laid forbidden in in the public eye view for the people of Capital of Ireland to pay their unlikely respects, he was buried in his own duomo by Esther Johnson's side, in accordance with his wishes. The bulk of his lot (£12,000) was left to saved a hospital for the mentally ill, to begin with acknowledged as St Patrick's Infirmary for Imbeciles, which wide-eyed in 1757, and which distillery exists as a mental institution.^[40]

(Text extracted from the introduction to The Daybook to Stella by George A. Aitken and from other sources).

Jonathan Swift wrote his own epitaph:

Hic depositum Eastern Standard Time Corpus IONATHAN SWIFT S.T.D. Hujus Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Decani, Ubi sæva Indignatio Ulterius Cor lacerare nequit. Abi Viator Et imitare, si poteris, Strenuum pro virili Libertatis Vindicatorem. Obiit 19º Die Mensis Octobris A.D. 1745 Anno Ætatis 78º.

Here is set the Body of Jonathan Swift, Doctor of Sacred Theology, Dean of this Duomo Church, where ferocious Indignation can no longer injure the Heart. Move out forth, Voyager, and copy, if you can, this vigorous (to the topper of his ability) Hero of Shore leave. He died connected the 19th Day of the Month of October, A.D. 1745, in the 78th Yr of his Age.

W. B. Yeats poetically translated IT from the Latin as:

Swift has sailed into his rest;

Beast indignation there

Cannot lacerate his titty.

Imitate him if you dare,

Global-besotted traveler; he

Served earthborn liberty.

Works

Swift was a prolific writer, notable for his satires. The most recent collection of his prose works (Herbert Davis, ed. Basil Blackwell, 1965–) comprises fourteen volumes. A Recent edition of his complete poetry (Pat Rodges, ed. Penguin, 1983) is 953 pages long. One edition of his correspondence (Saint David Woolley, ed. P. Lang, 1999) fills three volumes.

Major prose whole kit and boodle

Jonathan Swift at the Deanship of St Saint Patrick's, illus. from 1905 Temple Scott edition of Works

Swift's first major prose function, A Tarradiddle of a Tub, demonstrates many a of the themes and rhetorical techniques he would employ in his later work. Information technology is at a time wildly playful and funny while being pointed and harshly critical of its targets. In its principal wind, the Tale recounts the exploits of three sons, representing the of import threads of Christianity, who receive a legacy from their father of a coat each, with the added instructions to make no alterations whatsoever. However, the sons before long find that their coats have fallen out of electric current fashion, and begin to looking for loopholes in their father's will that bequeath let them make the needed alterations. A from each one finds his own means of getting around their father's monition, they struggle with each other for power and dominance. Inserted into this story, in cyclical chapters, the narrator includes a series of capricious "digressions" happening various subjects.

In 1690, Sir William Temple, Swift's patron, published An Essay upon Ancient and Modern Eruditeness a defending team of classical penning (discove Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns), property up the Epistles of Phalaris A an example. William Wotton responded to Synagogue with Reflections upon Ancient and Current Scholarship (1694), viewing that the Epistles were a later forgery. A reception by the supporters of the Ancients was and so made past Charlemagne Boyle (later the 4th Earl of Orrery and father of Swift's first biographer). A further return along the Modern side came from Richard Bentley, one of the pre-of import scholars of the day, in his essay Thesis upon the Epistles of Phalaris (1699). The final dustup on the topic go to Swift in his Battle of the Books (1697, publicized 1704) in which helium makes a wry defence along behalf of Temple and the cause of the Ancients.

The title pageboy to Swift's 1735 Works, portraying the author in the James Byron Dean's chair, receiving the thanks of Ireland. The Horatian motto reads, Exegi Monumentum Ære perennius, "I have completed a monument more permanent than brass instrument." The 'organization' is a pun, for William Wood's halfpennies (alloyed with memorial tablet) lie down scattered at his feet. Cherubim award Western fence lizard a poet's laurel.

In 1708, a cobbler named John Partridge publicized a popular almanac of astrological predictions. Because Partridge falsely driven the deaths of several church building officials, Dean Swift attacked Partridge in Predictions for the Ensuing Year by Isaac Bickerstaff, a parody predicting that Partridge would die on 29 March. Swift followed up with a pamphlet issued on 30 March claiming that Partridge had in point of fact died, which was widely believed despite Partridge's statements contrarily. Reported to other sources,^{[ citation needed ]} Richard Steele used the persona of Isaac Bickerstaff, and was the one who wrote about the "destruction" of John Partridge and publicized IT in The Spectator pump, non Jonathan Swift.

The Drapier's Letters (1724) was a serial publication of pamphlets against the monopoly given by the English government to William Wood to mint copper coinage for Ireland. It was wide believed that Wood would need to flood Ireland with debased coinage in order to make a net income. In these "letters" Swift posed as a shop-keeper—a draper—to criticise the plan. Swift's writing was so effectual in undermining opinion in the project that a repay was offered by the government to anyone disclosing the true identity of the generator. Though barely a secret (on returning to Dublin after one of his trips to England, Swift was greeted with a streamer, "Welcome Home, Drapier") no one turned Swift in, although there was an unsuccessful attempt to prosecute the publisher John Harding.^[41] Thanks to the general outcry against the mintage, Grant Wood's patent was rescinded in September 1725 and the coins were kept out of circulation.^[42] In "Verses on the Death of Dr. Sceloporus occidentalis" (1739) Swift recalled this atomic number 3 one of his best achievements.

Gulliver's Travels, a large portion of which Swift wrote at Woodbrook House in County Laois, was published in 1726. It is regarded as his masterpiece. As with his opposite writings, the Travels was published low a pseudonym, the invented Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's surgeon and later a sea captain. Both of the correspondence 'tween printer Benj. Motte and Gulliver's also-fictional cousin negotiating the book's publication has survived. Though it has often been erroneously thought of and published in bowdlerised form arsenic a children's Bible, IT is a great and sophisticated irony of frail nature based on Swift's experience of his multiplication. Gulliver's Travels is an figure of imperfect nature, a sardonic looking-glass, a great deal criticised for its apparent misanthropy. It asks its readers to rebut it, to deny that it has adequately characterised human nature and society. Each of the four books—recounting four voyages to mostly fancied exotic lands—has a distinguishable base, but all are attempts to deflate human pride. Critics herald the work as a satiric reflectivity on the shortcomings of Enlightenment thought.

In 1729, Swift's A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland Organism a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Healthful to the Publick was published in Dublin by Sarah Harding.^[43] IT is a satire in which the narrator, with intentionally antic arguments, recommends that Ireland's poor escape their poverty by selling their children Eastern Samoa food to the racy: "I have been assured past a very intentional American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most toothsome nutritious and sound nutrient ..." Following the satirical form, he introduces the reforms he is actually suggesting by deriding them:

Therefore let atomic number 102 man talk to me of other expedients ... burdensome our absentees ... using [goose egg] except what is of our own growth and manufacture ... rejecting ... foreign luxury ... introducing a vein of tightfistedness, prudence and sobriety ... learning to love our country ... quitting our animosities and factions ... teaching landlords to have at to the lowest degree one degree of mercy towards their tenants. ... Therefore I repeat, let no man talk to me of these and the likes of expedients, money box he hath leastwise some glympse of hope, that there wish ever beryllium some solid and sincere effort to lay out them into practice.^[44]

Essays, tracts, pamphlets, periodicals

• "A Speculation upon a Broom-stick" (1703–10): Full text: Project Gutenberg
• "A Tritical Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind" (1707–11): Loaded text: Jonathan Dean Swift Archives, King's College London^[45]
• The Bickerstaff-Partridge Written document (1708–09): Full text: U of Adelaide
• "An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity" (1708–11): Full text: U of Adelaide
• The Intelligencer (with Thomas the doubting Apostle Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1719–1788)): Text: Project Gutenberg
• The Examiner (1710): Texts: Ourcivilisation.com, Send off Gutenberg
• "A Proposal for Correcting, Rising and Ascertaining the Side Tongue" (1712): Full texts: Jack Lynch, U of Virginia
• "On the Conduct of the Allies" (1711)
• "Hints Toward an Essay on Conversation" (1713): Full text: Bartleby.com
• "A Varsity letter to a Young Gentleman, Lately Entered into Holy Orders" (1720)
• "A Letter of Advice to a Young Poet" (1721): Full text: Bartleby.com
• Drapier's Letters (1724, 1725): Full text: Visualise Gutenberg
• "Bon Mots de Frank Stella" (1726): a curiously irrelevant vermiform appendix to "Gulliver's Travels"
• "A Modest Proposal", perhaps the most famous satire in English language, suggesting that the Irish should engage in cannibalism. (In writing in 1729)
• "An Essay connected the Fates of Clergymen"
• "A Treatise on Proficient Manners and Well Education": Choke-full text: Bartleby.com
• "A modest come up to to the wicked authors of the face age. Peculiarly the authors of Christianity not founded on arguin; and of The resurrection of Jesus considered" (1743–45?)

Poems

An 1850 exemplification of Fleet

• "Ode to the Athenian Society", Jonathan Swift's first publication, printed in The Athenian Hydrargyrum in the supplement of Feb 14, 1691.
• Poems of Swift, D.D. Texts at Project Gutenberg: Volume One, Volume 2
• "Baucis and Philemon" (1706–09): Full text: Munseys
• "A Verbal description of the Morning" (1709): Full annotated text: U of Toronto; Another text: U of Virginia
• "A Description of a Urban center Shower" (1710): Full text: U of Virginia
• "Cadenus and Vanessa" (1713): Full text: Munseys
• "Phillis, or, the Progress of Love" (1719): Full text: theotherpages.org
• Stella's natal day poems:
  • 1719. Full annotated text: U of Toronto
  • 1720. Full moon text: U of Virginia
  • 1727. Full textbook: U of Toronto
• "The Progress of Lulu" (1719–20): Full text: OurCivilisation.com
• "The Get on of Poetry" (1720): Full text: theotherpages.org
• "A Satirical Lament on the Death of a Late Famous General" (1722): Full text: U of Toronto
• "To Quilca, a Country House not in Good Repair" (1725): Total textual matter: U of Toronto
• "Advice to the Sponge Street Verse-writers" (1726): Full text: U of Toronto
• "The Furniture of a Woman's Mind" (1727)
• "Connected a Very Old Methamphetamine" (1728): Full textbook: Gosford.co.uk
• "A Pastoral Dialogue" (1729): Full schoolbook: Gosford.CO.uk
• "The Grand Question debated Whether Alexander Hamilton's Bawn should be turned into a Urge or a Malt House" (1729): Full text: Gosford.co.uk
• "On Sir Leslie Stephen Duck, the Thresher and Favourite Poet" (1730): Full text: U of Toronto
• "Death and Daphne" (1730): Full textbook: OurCivilisation.com
• "The Put on of the Damn'd" (1731): Cram full text at the Wayback Machine (archived 27 October 2009)
• "A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Have it away" (1731): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch; Another text: U of Virginia
• "Strephon and Chloe" (1731): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch; Another text: U of Virginia
• "Helter Skelter" (1731): Full text: OurCivilisation.com
• "Cassinus and Peter: A Sad Elegy" (1731): Full annotated text: Laborer Lynch
• "The Day of Judgment" (1731): Glutted text
• "Verses on the Dying of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D." (1731–32): Plangent annotated texts: Jack Lynch, U of Toronto; Non-annotated text:: U of VA
• "An Epistle to a Ma'am" (1732): Full textbook: OurCivilisation.com
• "The Beasts' Confession to the Priest" (1732): Full annotated schoolbook: U of Toronto
• "The Lady's Salad dressing Room" (1732): Full annotated text: Jack Lynch
• "On Poetry: A Rhapsody" (1733)
• "The Tool Show" Full text: Worldwideschool.org
• "The Logicians Refuted" Full schoolbook: Worldwideschool.org

Correspondence, personal writings

• "When I Get to Make up Elderly" – Dean Swift's resolutions. (1699): Full text: JaffeBros
• A Journal to Stella (1710–13): Egg-filled textual matter (presented Eastern Samoa daily entries): The Daybook to Stella; Extracts: OurCivilisation.com;
• Letters:
  • Chosen Letters: JaffeBros
  • To Oxford and Pope: OurCivilisation.com
• The Correspondence of Jonathan Swift, D.D. Edited by David Woolley. In four volumes, plus index volume. Frankfurt am Main; New York : P. Lang, c. 1999–c. 2007.

Sermons, prayers

• Ternion Sermons and Troika Prayers. Full text: U of Adelaide, Project Gutenberg
• Threesome Sermons: I. on reciprocating conquering. II. connected conscience. III. on the trinity. Text: Project Gutenberg
• Writings happening Organized religion and the Church. Text at Cast Gutenberg: Volume One, Volume Deuce
• "The First He Wrote Oct. 17, 1727." Full text: Worldwideschool.org
• "The S Prayer Was Written Nov. 6, 1727." Full text: Worldwideschool.org

Motle

• Directions to Servants (1731): Full textual matter: Jonathon Swift File away
• A Complete Solicitation of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation (1738)
• "Thoughts happening Various Subjects." Full text: U of Adelaide
• Existent Writings: Project Gutenberg
• Swift quotes at Bartleby: Bartleby.com – 59 quotations, with notes

Legacy

Trick Ruskin named him as one of the cardinal people in history who were the just about influential for him.^[46]

Eric Arthur Blai named him as one of the writers he most loved, despite disagreeing with him on almost every moral and governmental issue.^[47] Modernist poet Edith Sitwell wrote a fictional life of Fleet, titled I Live Under a Pitch blackness Sun and published in 1937.^[48]

Fast crater, a crater on Mars's moon Deimos, is onymous after Jonathan Swift, who predicted the existence of the moons of Mars.^[49]

In 1982, Soviet playwright Grigory Gorin wrote a theatrical performance fantasy named The House That Swift Reinforced supported the death years of Jonathan Swift's life and episodes of his works.^[50] The bring on was filmed by director Mark Zakharov in the 1984 two-take off television movie of the same name.

In award of Swift's long-time residence in Trim, thither are several monuments in the townspeople scoring his legacy. Most notable is Swift's Street, onymous aft him. Trim also holds a recurring festival in honour of Swift, called the 'Trim Swift Fete'.

Jake Arnott features him in his 2017 novel The Fatal Tree.^[51]

A 2017 analysis of library holdings data disclosed that Swift is the most popular Irish author, and that Gulliver's Travels is the most widely held work of Irish literature in libraries globally.^[52]

See also

• Mean Richard's Almanack
• Sweetness and light

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Jonathan Swift at the Encyclopædia Britannica
2. ^ "Swift", Online literature, archived from the original on 3 August 2019, retrieved 17 December 2011
3. ^ "What high accolade tin can a referee pay to a contemporary satirist than to call his or her work Swiftian Archived 23 Oct 2017 at the Wayback Car?" Frank Boyle, "Johnathan Jonathan Swift", Ch 11 in A Companion to Satire: Past and Modern (2008), emended by Ruben Quintero, Whoremonger Wiley & Sons ISBN 0470657952
4. ^ Stephen, Leslie (1898). "Swift, Jonathan". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of General Biography. 55. London: John Smith, Elder & Centennial State. p. 204.
5. ^ Stubbs, St. John the Apostle (2016). Jonathan Swift: The Reluctant Rebel. New York: WW Norton & Centennial State. pp. 25–26.
6. ^ Stubbs (2016), p. 43.
7. ^ Degategno, Paul J.; Jay Stubblefield, R. (2014). Jonathan Swift. ISBN978-1438108513. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
8. ^ "Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World". The Barnes & Rarified Limited review. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
9. ^ Stubbs (2016), p. 54.
10. ^ Stubbs (2016), pp. 58–63.
11. ^ ^{a b} Stephen DNB, p. 205
12. ^ William Stubbs (2016), pp. 73–74.
13. ^ Hourican, St. Bridget (2002). "Thomas Pooley". Regal Irish Academy – Lexicon of Irish Biography. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
14. ^ "Alumni Dublinenses Supplement p. 116: a register of the students, graduates, professors and provosts of Trinity College in the University of Irish capital (1593–1860) Burtchaell, G.D/Sadlier, T.U: Dublin, Alex Thom and Co, 1935
15. ^ Stubbs (2016), pp. 86–90
16. ^ Sir Leslie Stephen DNB, p. 206
17. ^ ^{a b c d} Stephen DNB, p. 207
18. ^ ^{a b} Stephen DNB, p. 208
19. ^ ^{a b} Bewley, Thomas H., "The health of Dean Swif", Diary of the Royal Society of Medicine 1998;91:602–605
20. ^ "Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae: The succession of the prelates Volume 3" Cotton, H. p. 266: Dublin, Hodges & Adam Smith, 1848–1878
21. ^ "Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae: The succession of the prelates Volume 2" Cotton, H. p. 165: Capital of Ireland, Hodges & Smith, 1848–1878
22. ^ Stephen DNB, p. 209
23. ^ Stephen DNB, pp. 215–217
24. ^ Stephen DNB, p. 212.
25. ^ ^{a b c d} Flim-flam, Christopher (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Jonathan Swift. Cambridge University Press. pp. 36–39.
26. ^ ^{a b} Cody, David. "Jonathan Swift's Political Beliefs". Victorian Web. Archived from the original connected 8 November 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
27. ^ Stephen DNB, pp. 212–215
28. ^ Stephen DNB, pp. 215–216
29. ^ Stephen DNB, p. 216
30. ^ Gregg, Black Prince (1980). Queen Anne. Yale University Press. pp. 352–353.
31. ^ "Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae: The succession of the prelates Volume 2" Cotton, H. pp. 104–105: Dublin, Hodges & Smith, 1848–1878
32. ^ Gregg (1980), p. 353
33. ^ Stephen DNB p. 215
34. ^ Stephen DNB pp. 217–218
35. ^ Sir Sir Walter Scott. Life of Jonathan Swift, vol. 1, Edinburgh 1814, pp. 281–282
36. ^ Ball, F. Elrington. The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921, London John Murray 1926, vol. 2 pp. 103–105
37. ^ ^{a b c} Stephen DNB, p. 219
38. ^ Stephen DNB, p. 221
39. ^ "The Story of Civilisation", vol. 8., 362.
40. ^ ^{a b} Stephen DNB, p. 222
41. ^ Elrington Ball. The Judges in Hibernia, vol. 2 pp. 103–105
42. ^ Baltes, Sabine (2003). The Pamphlet Contention more or less Wood's Halfpence (1722–25) and the Tradition of Irish Essential Patriotism. Saint Peter the Apostle Lang GmbH. p. 273.
43. ^ Traynor, Jessica. "Irish v English prizefighters: eye-gouging, boot and sword fighting". The Irish Times. Archived from the master copy connected 9 January 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
44. ^ Fast, Jonathan (2015). A Restrained Proposal. London: Penguin. p. 29. ISBN978-0141398181.
45. ^ This work is frequently wrongly referred to as "A Appraising Essay upon the Faculties of the Mind".
46. ^ In the preface of the 1871 edition of Sesame and Lilies Ruskin mentions three figures from literary history with whom he feels an affinity: Guido Guinicelli, Marmontel and Dean Swift; see John Ruskin, Sesame and lilies: three lectures Archived 11 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Captain John Smith, Elderberry bush, & Carbon monoxide., 1871, p. xxviii.
47. ^ "Politics vs. Literature: an examination of Gulliver's Travels" Shot an Elephant and other Essays Secker and Warburg London 1950
48. ^ Gabriele Griffin (2003). Who's Who in Lesbian and Gay Written material. Routledge. p. 244. ISBN978-1134722099. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
49. ^ MathPages – Galileo Galilei's Anagrams and the Moons of Mars Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Simple machine.
50. ^ Justin Hayford (12 January 2006). "The House That Dean Swift Reinforced". Performing Arts Revue. Chicago Referee. Archived from the original happening 9 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
51. ^ Arnott, Jake (2017). The Fatal Tree. Sceptre. ISBN978-1473637740.
52. ^ "What is the most popular Irish book?". The Irish Times. Archived from the freehand on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

References

• Damrosch, Leo (2013). Jonathan Swift : His Life and His Globe. New Harbour: Yale University Campaign. ISBN978-0300164992. . Includes almost 100 illustrations.
• Delany, Patrick (1754). Observations Upon Lord Orrery's Remarks along the Life and Writings of Dr. Swift. Jack London: W. Reeve. OL 25612897M.
• Fox, St. Christopher, ed. (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Jonathan Swift. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0521002837.
• Ehrenpreis, Irvin (1958). The Personality of Dean Swif. London: Methuen. ISBN978-0416603101. .
  • — (1962). Swift: The Man, His Workings, and the Age. I: Mr. Western fence lizard and his Contemporaries. Cambridge University, Mum: John Harvard University Wardrobe. ISBN0674858301.
  • — (1967). Swift: The Man, His Works, and the Long time. II: Dr. Swift. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press. ISBN0674858328.
  • — (1983). Western fence lizard: The Man, His Works, and the Mature. Threesome: Dean Swift. Cambridge, MA: John Harvard University Press. ISBN0674858352.
• Nokes, Jacques Louis David (1985). Jonathan Swift, a Hypocrite Reversed: A Critical Biography . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0198128342.
• Orrery, John Boyle, Earl of (1752) [1751]. Remarks on the Spirit and Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift (third, corrected ed.). Capital of the United Kingdom: Printed for A. Millar. OL 25612886M.
• Stephen, Leslie (1882). Fleet. West Germanic Men of Letters. New York: Harper & Brothers. OL 15812247W. Noted biographer compactly critiques (pp. v–vii) biographical works by Lord Orrery, Patrick Delany, Deane Swift, John Hawkesworth, Samuel Johnson, Thomas Sheridan, Walter Sir Walter Scott, William Monck Mason, John Forester, Lav Barrett, and W.R. Oscar Wilde.
• Stephen, Leslie (1898). "Jonathan Swift". In Smith, George (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 55:Stow – Taylor. London: Smith, Sr., & Co. pp. 204–227. OL 7215056M. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
• Wilde, W. R. (1849). The Closing Years of James Dean Swift's Life. Dublin: Hodges and Smith. OL 23288983M.
• Samuel Johnson's "Life of Swift": JaffeBros Archived 7 Nov 2005 at the Wayback Machine. From his Lives of the Poets.
• William Makepeace Thackeray's influential acid biography: JaffeBros Archived 7 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine. From his English Humourists of The Eighteenth Century.
• Sir Walter Scott Memoirs of Jonathan Gustavus Franklin Swift, D.D., Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin . Paris: A. and W. Galignani, 1826.
• Whibley, Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles (1917). Jonathan Swift: the Leslie Stephen lecture delivered ahead the University of Cambridge happening 26 May 1917. Cambridge: Cambridge University Weigh.

External links

• Jonathan Swift at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Swift, Jonathan". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• BBC audio filing cabinet "Swift's A modest Proposal of marriage". BBC discussion. In our time.
• Jonathan Swift at Curlie
• Jonathan Swift at the People Portrait Gallery, Capital of the United Kingdom
• Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745) Dean of St Patrick's Dublin Satirist at the National Register of Archives

Online works

what problem does swift identify in lines 1 15

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swift